EATING DISORDERS AFFECT millions of Americans, and while much attention focuses on their impact on overall health, the damage they cause to oral health is often overlooked. Understanding the connection between eating disorders and dental problems is crucial for patients, families, and healthcare providers alike.
The Acid Attack on Teeth
One of the most devastating effects of eating disorders on oral health comes from repeated exposure to stomach acid. Conditions like bulimia nervosa, which involve purging through self-induced vomiting, expose teeth to highly acidic gastric contents. This acid erodes tooth enamel, the protective outer layer that shields teeth from decay and sensitivity.
Once enamel wears away, it cannot regenerate. Teeth become increasingly vulnerable to cavities, discoloration, and structural damage. The erosion typically appears on the inner surfaces of the front teeth and the chewing surfaces of the back teeth. Over time, teeth may appear translucent, yellowed, or chipped at the edges.
Beyond Enamel Erosion
The oral health consequences of eating disorders extend far beyond enamel loss. Patients often experience severe tooth sensitivity, making it painful to consume hot, cold, or sweet foods and beverages. The weakened tooth structure increases the risk of fractures and extensive decay that may require complex dental treatments, including root canals, crowns, or even tooth extraction.
Nutritional deficiencies associated with restrictive eating disorders can also compromise oral health. Inadequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients weakens bones and teeth, impairs healing, and increases susceptibility to gum disease. The body prioritizes vital organs when resources are scarce, often leaving teeth and gums depleted of necessary minerals.
Soft Tissue Damage
Eating disorders affect more than just teeth. The soft tissues in the mouth, including gums, tongue, and throat, suffer significant damage. Chronic vomiting can cause swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands located near the jaw, giving the face a puffy appearance. The mouth’s delicate tissues may become irritated, inflamed, or prone to sores and infections.
Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is another common problem. Reduced saliva production increases the risk of cavities because saliva normally helps neutralize acids and wash away food particles and bacteria. Some patients develop burning mouth syndrome or chronic bad breath despite good oral hygiene habits.
Early Detection Matters
Dentists often notice the warning signs of eating disorders before other healthcare providers because dental visits typically occur more frequently than general medical checkups. Distinctive patterns of tooth erosion, unexplained decay, or soft tissue changes may prompt sensitive conversations about overall health and eating habits.
Building a Healthy Relationship With Food
If you or someone you love is struggling with an eating disorder, seeking help from both medical and dental professionals is essential. Treatment teams can work together to address the underlying condition while protecting and restoring oral health. Dental interventions might include fluoride treatments, desensitizing agents, protective mouth guards, and restorative procedures.
Recovery is possible, and with proper care, much of the dental damage can be repaired or prevented from worsening. Open communication with your dental team ensures you receive comprehensive, compassionate care tailored to your unique needs.
